Genetically divergent Francisella philomiragia associated with septic arthritis, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Here we report a case of septic arthritis associated with a genetically divergent Francisella philomiragia strain in a patient with chronic rheumatoid arthritis and Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) in Maldonado, Uruguay. In this study mass spectrometry together with whole-genome sequencing using Oxford Nanopore technology allowed for the correct identification of the etiologic agent.

Infecciones bacterianas en pacientesreceptores de trasplante renal y reno-páncreas: alta incidencia de microorganismos multirresistentes / Bacterial infections in kidney and kidney-pancreas transplant recipients: high incidence of multi-resistant microorganisms

Introducción: las infecciones bacterianas en los receptores de trasplante renal (TR) y reno-páncreas (TRP) son frecuentes y constituyen una de las principales causas de muerte eneste grupo de pacientes. Es imperativo identificar el perfil de estos microorganismos para realizar un mejor abordaje terapéutico empírico.Objetivo: conocer la etiología y las características de las infeccionesbacterianas tanto a nivel comunitario como nosocomial en un grupo de pacientes que recibieron TR y TRP, y fueron asistidos en el Hospital de Clínicas entre noviembre de 1987 y noviembre de 2010. Material y método: estudio retrospectivo de la evolución detodos los pacientes con TR y TRP que ingresados al Hospital de Clínicas hayan presentado por lo menos un episodio infeccioso de etiología bacteriana, sea comunitaria o nosocomial. Se definió como microorganismo multirresistente (MO-MR) si se trató de un SAMR, EVR o un BGN resistente por lo menos a tres grupos de antimicrobianos. Resultados: en el período de estudio, 122 pacientes recibieron un TR o TRP (seis pacientes fueron trasplantados en un centro diferente al Hospital de Clínicas). De aquellos, 64 (52,5%) desarrollaron por lo menos un episodio de infección bacteriana; 34 de sexo femenino (53,1%), con una edad media de 37,7 ± 11,4 años. Treinta y nueve recibieron un TR (60,1%) y 25 (39,1%) un TRP. La mediana de seguimiento fue de cinco meses (P25 = 1, P75 = 25). Hubo 138 episodios de infección bacteriana (2,07 episodios/paciente), de los cuales 76 fueron comunitarias y 62 nosocomiales. El foco más frecuente en ambos fue urinario (63,2% y 53,2%, respectivamente), seguido del respiratorio en las comunitarias (13%). El microorganismo predominante fue E. coli, seguido de Klebsiella spp. y Enterococcus spp. De un total de 103 microorganismos aislados 46 (44,7%) presentaron multirresistencia (con Klebsiella spp. y Acinetobacter baumannii como agentes más frecuentes)...

Introduction: bacterial infections in kidney (KTX) and kidney-pancreas transplant (KPTX) recipients are frequent and constitute one of the leading causes of death in this group of patients. The profile of these microorgapatients with KTX and KPTX who were admitted at the Clinicas Hospital and presented at least one bacterial etiology infection episode, community and hospital-acquired.A multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganism was defined if it were resistant to MRSA,VREor a gramnegative bacilli resistant to at least three groups of antimicrobial agents.Results: during the period of study 122 patients receivedKTXorKPTX(six patientswere transplanted in a centerdifferent form the Clinicas Hospital). Out of these patients, 64 (52.5%) developed at least one bacterial infectionepisode; 34 of them were women (53.1%), average age was 37.7± 11.4 years old. Thirty nine patients receivedKTX (60.1%) and 25 (39.1%) KPTX. Median follow up was fivemonths (P25 = 1, P75 = 25). There were 138 bacterial infection episodes (2.07 episodes/patient), 76 of which were community acquired and 62 were hospital acquired. In both cases, themost frequent center of infectionwas the urinary system (63.2% and 53.2% respectively), followed respiratory infections in the community acquired infections (13%). E. coli was the predominant microorganism,followed by Klebsiella spp. and Enterococcus spp. Out of 103 microorganisms isolated, 46 (44.7%) evidencedmultidrug-resistance - Klebsiella spp. and Acinetobacterbaumannii being the most frequent agents)...

Introdução: as infecções bacterianas em receptores de transplante renal (TR) e reno-pancreáticos (TRP) são frequentes sendo uma das principais causas de mortneste grupo de pacientes. É fundamental identificar o perfil destes micro-organismos para uma melhor abordagemterapêutica empírica. Objetivo: conhecer a etiologia e as característicasdas infecções bacterianas tanto comunitárias como hospitalaresem um grupo de pacientes que receberam TR e TRP, e que foram atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas noperíodo novembro 1987 - novembro 2010. Material e método: estudo retrospectivo da evolução de todos os pacientes com TR e TRP que internadosno Hospital das Clínicas apresentaram ao menosumepisodio infeccioso de etiologia bacteriana comunitária ouhospitalar. Definiu-se como micro-organismo multirresistente (MO-MR) quando se tratava de um SAMR, EVR ou um BGN resistente ao menos a três grupos de antimicrobianos. Resultados: no período estudado, 122 pacientes receberamumTRouTRP(seis pacientes foram transplantados emumcentro diferente ao doHospital das Clínicas).Do total de pacientes, 64 (52,5%) apresentaram ao menos um episodio de infecção bacteriana; 34 de sexo feminino(53,1%), commédia de idade de 37,7 ± 11,4 anos. Trinta e nove receberam um TR (60,1%) e 25 (39,1%) umTRP. Amediana do seguimento foi de cincomeses (P25 = 1, P75 = 25). Foram registrados 138 episódios de infecção bacteriana (2,07 episódios/paciente), dos quais 76 foram de origem comunitária e 62 hospitalares. Emambos os grupos o foco mais frequente foi urinário (63,2% e 53,2%, respectivamente), seguido do respiratório da comunidade (13%). Omicro-organismo predominante foi E. coli, seguido por Klebsiella spp. e Enterococcus spp. Do total de 103 micro-organismos isolados 46 (44,7%) apresentaram multirresistencia(sendo Klebsiella spp. e Acinetobacter baumannii os agentes mais frequentes)...

[Rational use of antibiotics in the Department of Internal Medicine from a university hospital: results of a pilot experience]. / Uso racional de antimicrobianos en el departamento de medicina interna de un hospital universitario: resultados de una experiencia piloto.

INTRODUCTION: The programs of rational use of antibiotics are designed to optimize antimicrobial therapy and minimize the emergence of bacterial resistance. In order to optimize the use of antibiotics we implemented an educational program based on the application of a checklist criteria for the rational use of these drugs. METHOD: We performed a cohort study unpaired in the Department of Internal Medicine, during three months. We compared a prospective cohort (A) which used a checklist, with a retrospective cohort (B) in wich prescription was based on usual clinical practice. RESULTS: We included 227 prescriptions of antibiotics. In cohort A compared to B, there was a higher proportion of switch to oral antibiotics agents and adjustment of the antimicrobial therapy to the susceptibility in the antibiogram and reduced use of associated antibiotics. Total antibiotic consumption was 117.7 DDD/100 bed-days (Defined Daily Doses). Consumption in cohorts A and B was 46.1 DDD/100 bed-days and 71.6 DDD/100 bed-days (reduction, 35.6%). There was also a reduction in consumption of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, quinolones, vancomycin and carbapenems. Costs were reduced by 55%. There was no difference in the average hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of an educational strategy based on a checklist allowed the optimum use of antibiotics.

Uso racional de antimicrobianos en el departamento de medicina interna de un hospital universitario: resultados de una experiencia piloto / Rational use of antibiotics in the department of internal medicine from a university hospital: results of a pilot experience

Introduction: The programs of rational use of antibiotics are designed to optimize antimicrobial therapy and minimize the emergence of bacterial resistance. In order to optimize the use of antibiotics we implemented an educational program based on the application of a checklist criteria for the rational use of these drugs. Method: We performed a cohort study unpaired in the Department of Internal Medicine, during three months. We compared a prospective cohort (A) which used a checklist, with a retrospective cohort (B) in wich prescription was based on usual clinical practice. Results: We included 227 prescriptions of antibiotics. In cohort A compared to B, there was a higher proportion of switch to oral antibiotics agents and adjustment of the antimicrobial therapy to the susceptibility in the antibiogram and reduced use of associated antibiotics. Total antibiotic consumption was 117.7 DDD/100 bed-days (Defined Daily Doses). Consumption in cohorts A and B was 46.1 DDD/100 bed-days and 71.6 DDD/100 bed-days (reduction, 35.6%). There was also a reduction in consumption of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, quinolones, vancomycin and carbapenems. Costs were reduced by 55%. There was no difference in the average hospital stay. Conclusions: The implementation of an educational strategy based on a checklist allowed the optimum use of antibiotics.

Introducción: Los programas de uso racional de antimicrobianos tienen la finalidad de optimizar la terapia antimicrobiana y minimizar la aparición de resistencia bacteriana. Con el objetivo de optimizar el uso de antimicrobianos se implementó un programa educativo basado en la aplicación de una lista de verificación (check list) conteniendo criterios establecidos de uso racional de estos fármacos. Método: Se realizó un estudio de cohortes no pareadas en el Departamento de Medicina Interna, durante tres meses. Se comparó una cohorte prospectiva (A) en que se aplicó la lista de verificación, con una cohorte retrospectiva (B) con prescripción de acuerdo a la práctica clínica habitual. Resultados: Se incluyeron 227 prescripciones de antimicrobianos. En la cohorte A, hubo mayor proporción de paso a vía oral y adecuación del antimicrobiano al antibiograma y menor uso de asociación de antimicrobianos, con respecto a la cohorte B. El consumo total de antimicrobianos fue de 117,7 DDD/100 días-cama (Dosis Diaria Definida). El consumo en las cohortes A y B fue de 46,1 DDD/100 días-cama y 71,6 DDD/100 días-cama respectivamente (reducción de un 35,6%). También hubo una reducción en el consumo de ceftriaxona, ceftazidima, quinolonas, vancomicina y carbapenem. Los costos se redujeron en 55%. No hubo diferencias en la estadía media hospitalaria. Conclusiones: La aplicación de una estrategia educativa basada en una lista de verificación permitió optimizar el uso de antimicrobianos.